Some female cubs remain within the pride when they attain sexual maturity, but others are forced out and join other prides or wander as nomads. In the wild, sexual maturity is reached at three or four years of age. There is a corresponding high mortality rate (e.g., 86 percent in the Serengeti), but survival rates improve after the age of two. Although lionesses will nurse cubs other than their own, they are surprisingly inattentive mothers and often leave their cubs alone for up to 24 hours. They begin participating in kills by 11 months but probably cannot survive on their own until they are two years old. Cubs are able to follow their mothers at about three months of age and are weaned by six or seven months. Newborn cubs are helpless and blind and have a thick coat with dark spots that usually disappear with maturity.

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